The five main differences between arteries and veins involve blood
flow, wall structure, blood pressure, valves, and typical oxygen
content. Arteries carry blood away from the heart and have thicker,
more muscular walls that withstand higher pressure. Veins carry
blood toward the heart, operate under lower pressure, and often have
valves that help prevent backflow. Arteries usually carry
oxygen-rich blood, while veins usually carry oxygen-poor blood.
However, pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood to the lungs,
and pulmonary veins return oxygen-rich blood to the heart.